Method of making combination yarn



Dec. 19, 1939. F. c. WERBER METHOD OF MAKING COMBINATION YARN Filed June 14, 1959 INVENTOR. Fred C Werbe/ Patented Dec. 19, 1939 UNITED STATES ATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

My invention relates to a new and improved combination yarn and an improved method of making the same.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a combination yarn having a core made of crepe yarn, consisting of one or more single ends, hard twisted in either direction, namely, left or right, and combined with an outer yarn which is disposed or wound helically around the core. Said outer yarn is a low twist yarn or an untwisted yarn which has been dyed with a fast dye and/ or a resist dye, before helically disposing said outer yarn around the crepe core yarn in either direction. The outer yarn, which is untwisted, or which has low twist, is wound helically around the core yarn in either direction.

Another object of the invention is to use a high-twist core yarn which has either a natural size or an artificial size. The invention therefore includes the use of silk and of rayon, al-

though I prefer to exclude the use of cellulose acetate material in making the core yarn. The rayon may be of any suitable type.

Another object of the invention is to make the combination yarn prior to degumming 'or tie-sizing the same, so as to shrink the core of the composite yarn, so that, after said shrinking, the core is wholly or substantially covered and concealed by the outer yarn.

Other objects of the invention will be stated in the following description and diagrammatic drawing.

Fig. 1 shows the combination yarn prior to degumming or de-sizing the core yarn.

Fig. 2 shows said yarn after the degumming or ole-sizing.

The core yarn A is hard-twisted crepe. It has one or more single ends. The number of turns per inch will vary with the thickness of the yarn. As an illustration, the core yarnA has sixty-five turns per inch for three thread -22 denier silk yarn. As an additional illustration, a low twist yarn has about two and one-half turns per inch, for five thread 20-22 denier silk yarn. The core yarn A may be made of raw silk which has the usual natural gum or size, before said yarn is boiled-off. The boiling-01f solution contains a grease solvent which removes the natural gum or size of the raw silk of the core yarn. The core yarn can also be made of various types of rayon and of other material which has been given an artificial size.

The helically wound outer yarn B is also made of silk, rayon, or any other material. Said yarn B either has a verylow twist or no twist.

. The covering or outer yarn B is dyed by means of a fast dye, or by means of a fast and resist dye, before winding it on the core yarn. The core yarn is either undyed or it is tinted by means of a fugitive dye which is removed in the finishing process. The cores of respective yarns can be tinted with respective different fugitive dyes in order to identify a core which is twisted in one direction, from a core which is twisted in the opposite direction.

When the core yarn is de-sized or degummed, it decreases in length, and this decrease will be about fifteen per cent in the case of a hardtwisted silk or rayon core. The turns of the covering yarn are therefore brought closer to each other. Hence, after the boiling-off, the turns of the covering yarn either substantially or wholly cover the core yarn.

By means of the improved yarn, innumerable patterns can be produced in a woven fabric, thus making it unnecessary to dye the piece goods, or to print designs on the same. The invention therefore includes piece goods made with the use of the improved yarn. The color pattern of the piece goods is produced by selecting combination yarns whose covering yarns have thedesigned range of different colors. The covering yarns can be fast-dyed or resist-dyed in various colors so as to produce plaids, stripes, checks, or any other design.

For the purposes of the claims, a permanent dye includes a fast dye, a resist dye, and a fast and resist dye. For the purposes of the invention, degumming and de-sizing are equivalent, since the gum of natural silk constitutes a natural size. The covering yarn may also contain a size, either natural or artificial. However, it is not necessary to use a covering yarn of raw silk, or of rayon which has been sized.

Piece goods can be made wholly of the improved composite yarn, using the same wholly in the warp and also in the filler. If desired, piece goods can be made partly of the improved composite yarn and partly of other types of yarn. Said other types of yarn can be used in the warp, or in the filler, or both in the warp and in the filler.

While I prefer to use a single covering yarn, a plurality of covering yarns. may be used. Hence, when I refer to a covering yarn in the claims, I include the use of a plurality of covering yarns. By using the combination of yarns having different twists, the covering yarn forms a helical rib which stands out from the surface of the core yarn.

When the covering yarn is initially wound around the core yarn, the winding is sufficiently tight so as to produce firm contact between the core yarn and the covering yarn. Therefore when the core yarn shrinks, due to the boilingoff, this automatically locates the turns of the covering yarn closer to each other,

Any person skilled in the art can readily determine whether or not the covering yarn B has been pre-dyed prior to winding the same helically around the core yarn.

Likewise any skilled person can readily determine whether or not the core yarn has been desized and shrunk after the covering yarn has been applied thereto. In certain of the claims I have designated the core yarn as being uncolored. This means that the core yarn has the natural color of the material thereof, without the use of a dye.

The covering yarn can be 1 thread, 2 threads, 3 threads and more. The individual threads of the covering yarn may be dyed in different colors, or two or more of said threads can be dyed in the same color, and another thread or threads of the covering yarn can be dyed in a different color or colors.

To illustrate examples of high-twist core crepe yarns made of silk or rayon, and covering yarns made of silk or rayon, the following examples are given:

Example No. 1

The silk core yarn is 2 thread, 20-22 denier, 65-65 turns per inch.

The covering silk yarn may be 4 thread, 20-22 denier, having no twist.

Example No. 2

The silk core yarn is 4 thread, 20-22 denier, 55-60 turns per inch.

The silk covering yarn is 6 thread, 20-22 denier, no twist.

When the covering yarn is wound around the core yarn, prior to shrinking, the covering yarn has 14 turns per inch, in the same direction or in the opposite direction as the direction of the turns of the core yarn.

Example No. 3

The rayon core yarn is one thread, 75 denier, 50 turns per inch.

The rayon covering yarn is one thread, 100 denier, 3 turns per inch.

The rayon covering yarn is wound 14 turns per inch around the core yarn, either in the same or in the opposite direction as the twist of the core yarn.

A one-thread rayon yarn has numerous filaments, about -100, so that it can be twisted.

Example No. 4

The rayon core yarn is one thread, 100 denier, 50 turns per inch.

The rayon covering yarn is 150 denier, 2% turns per inch. The rayon covering yarn is acetate rayon in this case. Save when otherwise stated, the rayon yarn is viscose yarn, although I can use any type of rayon or synthetic silk.

Example No. 5

The rayon core yarn is 1 thread, 100 denier, 50 turns per inch.

The rayon covering yarn is 1 thread, 200 denier, no twist. Acetate rayon is used.

The core yarn may be made of silk and the covering yarn may be made of rayon.

I can use a core thread made of hard-twisted cotton or wool, and a rayon covering thread.

The covering yarn is always considerably heavier or thicker than the core yarn. Hence. when the core yarn shrinks, the turns of the covering yarn abut so as to give a fluffy velvet effect. The drawing is therefore not to scale. Likewise, when the yarn shrinks, the abutting turns of the covering yarn do not contact with the core yarn.

I claim:

1. A method of making a combination yarn which consists in helically assembling a covering yarn which has been colored with a permanent dye with a core yarn, said core yarn being an undy-ed hard-twisted crepe yarn and having a size, the twist of the covering yarn being lower than the twist of the core yarn, the turns of the covering yarn being spaced from each other, and then de-sizing the core yarn so as to diminish the length thereof and to bring the turns of the covering yarn close to each other so that said turns substantially cover the core yarn, the coloring of the covering yarn being substantially unaffected by the de-sizing step.

2. A method of making a combination yarn which consists in helically assembling a covering yarn which has been colored with a'permanent dye with a core yarn, said core yarn being ahardtwisted crepe yarn which has been dyed with a fugitive dye, the twist of the covering yarn being lower than the twist of the core yarn, the turns of the covering yarn being spaced from each other, and then de-sizing the core yarn so as to diminish the length thereof and to bring the turns of the covering yarn close to each other so that said turns substantially cover the core yarn, the coloring of the covering yarn being substantially unaffected by the de-sizing step, and also removing the fugitive color of the core yarn.

3. A method of making a combination yarn which consists in helically assembling a covering yarn with a hard-twisted crepe core yarn, said core yarn containing a size and being undyed, said covering yarn being selected from a class which consists of low-twist yarns and no-twist yarns, the turns of the covering yarn being spaced from each other, said covering yarn having a permanent dye, and then de-sizing the core yarn so as to cause it to diminish in length and to bring the turns of the covering yarn sufficiently close to each other so that said turns substantially cover the core yarn, the de-sizing step leaving the color of the covering yarn substantially unaifected.

4. A method of making a combination yarn which consists in helically assembling a covering yarn with a hard-twisted crepe core yarn, said core yarn containing a size and having a fugitive dye, said covering yarn being selected from a class which consists of low-twist yarns and no-twist yarns, the turns of the covering yarn being spaced from each other, said covering yarn having a permanent dye, and then de-sizing the core yarn so as to cause it to diminish in length and to bring the turns of the covering yarn suificiently close to each other so that said turns substantially cover the core yarn, the ole-sizing step leaving the color of the covering yarn substantially unaffected, and removing the fugitive dye of the core yarn.

5. A method of making a combination yarn which consists in helically assembling a covering yarn which has been colored wth a permanent dye with a core yarn, said core yarn'being an undyed hard-twisted crepe yarn, the twist of the covering yarn being lower than the twist of the core yarn, the turns of the covering yarnbeing spaced from each other, and then shrinking the core yarn so as to diminish the length thereof and to bring the turns of the covering yarn close to the covering yarn being thinner than the core yarn.

6. A method of making a combination yarn,

which consists in longitudinally shrinking a core yarn with which a pre-dyed covering yarn has been helically assembled, the twist of said core yarn being higher than the twist of the covering yarn and the turns of said cover yarn being longitudinally separated from each other, said core yarn being sufficiently shrunk to bring the turns of the core yarn in substantial abutting relation so as to substantially conceal the core yarn, the dye of said coveringyarn being substantially unaf- 10 

